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Kidney can be influenced by many diseases. Common causes of kidney disease are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney injuries induced by drugs (drugs that are toxic to the kidneys can damage the kidneys) and finally hereditary and genetic diseases.
In accordance with current medical progress, around 60 genetic diseases are known directly or indirectly affect the kidneys. This is relatively uncommon and the symptoms can range from mild to severe. Special tests and expertise are needed to identify this disease and plan management for the same thing. Sometimes the combined approach to diagnosing this disease is needed because this disease can affect various parts of the body (organs) simultaneously.
What is genetic disease?
Some diseases are said to be carried out in the family when more than one person in the family has the same disease. For example, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia etc. This is caused by genetic mutations and can be passed down from parent to child. Some types of kidney disease can be inherited from genetic defects and can walk in the family.
Although rare (less than 10 percent of all kidney diseases), the general genetic conditions appear to affect the kidneys as follows:
- Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease ( ADPKD) – this is the most common genetic disorder which can run in families and causes ballooning of kidney filters ( cysts) and gradually replacing the whole kidney with cysts and lead to end-stage kidney disease requiring lifelong dialysis or transplantation. This disease affects one in 800 people
- Autosomal recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD): This condition is also similar to the above-mentioned ADPKD. The disease manifests in early to late childhood. This disease affects 1 in 20,000 people
- Thin basement membrane disease, Gitelman and Bartter syndrome, Alports syndrome affecting collagen, Cystinosis, Fabry’s disease, Nephronophthisis and tuberous sclerosis are a few other diseases, which are genetic in origin and can be seen running in families.
There is a disease, which seems to affect many family members and may be noted to be carried out in the family, but may not be due to genetic mutations. Genetic diseases are not in individual control, but non-genetic diseases are in one’s control. Causes of the environment, pollutants, lifestyle of a person or family, and food habits in a combination of genetic factors can cause this disease. Environmental and social factors affect and change genes to make it mutate to good or bad.
A healthy lifestyle and a good environment that is free from pollutants helps prevent genetic changes and therefore prevent many diseases. Some of these lifestyle factors include avoidance of smoking or tobacco use. Consuming lots of fresh fruits and vegetables with adequate physical exercise.
Kidney genetic disease has been widely studied and now has further treatment that can prevent damage to organs and tissues. It is important to identify and diagnose earlier to prevent further injury. Furthermore, if a family is known to have this genetic disease, future generations and pregnancy in the family can be filtered for the presence of genetic variations in the womb and interventions carried out in time to prevent children from being born with this disease can be successfully carried out successfully in the scientific era at the moment.
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